%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 7 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (Deep Learning of Mouth Shapes for Sign Language) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Oscar Koller\054 Hermann Ney\054 Richard Bowden) /Subject (2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 11 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 12 0 R /x6 15 0 R /x12 18 0 R /x10 21 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 24 0 R /R12 27 0 R /s11 28 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /s5 31 0 R /s7 34 0 R >> /Font << /F1 37 0 R /F2 38 0 R /R13 39 0 R /R15 43 0 R /R17 47 0 R /R21 51 0 R /R19 55 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 62 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R12 27 0 R >> /Font << /F2 63 0 R /R59 64 0 R /R55 68 0 R /F1 72 0 R /R57 73 0 R /R53 76 0 R /R65 80 0 R /R67 83 0 R /R13 39 0 R /R61 87 0 R /R15 43 0 R /R63 91 0 R /R21 51 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 117 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R87 118 0 R /R86 119 0 R /R85 120 0 R /R84 121 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R12 27 0 R >> /Font << /F2 122 0 R /R59 64 0 R /R55 68 0 R /F1 123 0 R /R57 73 0 R /R53 76 0 R /R65 80 0 R /R67 83 0 R /R13 39 0 R /R61 87 0 R /R15 43 0 R /R63 91 0 R /R21 51 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 135 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R108 136 0 R /R12 27 0 R /R107 137 0 R >> /Font << /F2 138 0 R /R59 64 0 R /R65 80 0 R /F1 139 0 R /R15 43 0 R /R13 39 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /Group 140 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 153 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R12 27 0 R >> /Font << /R59 64 0 R /R53 76 0 R /F2 154 0 R /F1 155 0 R /R15 43 0 R /R13 39 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 162 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R12 27 0 R >> /Font << /R21 51 0 R /F2 163 0 R /F1 164 0 R /R13 39 0 R /R15 43 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 197 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R163 198 0 R /R162 199 0 R /R161 200 0 R /R166 201 0 R /R165 204 0 R /R171 205 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R12 27 0 R /R164 202 0 R >> /Font << /F2 206 0 R /R169 207 0 R /F1 211 0 R /R167 212 0 R /R15 43 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /Group 203 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Length 18853 >> stream q q q 0.10000 0 0 0.10000 0 0 cm /R12 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R13 14.34620 Tf 1 0 0 1 140.27900 675.06700 Tm [ (Deep) -250.00800 (Lear) 14.98930 (ning) -249.99300 (of) -250.01200 (Mouth) -250.00700 (Shapes) -249.99600 (f) 24.99230 (or) -249.99500 (Sign) -249.99300 (Language) ] TJ /R15 11.95520 Tf -32.33480 -37.85820 Td [ (Oscar) -250.00300 (K) 34.99490 (oller) 40.01040 (\054) -250.01200 (Hermann) -250.01000 (Ne) 14.99130 (y) ] TJ -48.18520 -13.94690 Td [ (Human) -249.98800 (Language) -249.99700 (T) 70.01540 (echnology) -249.99800 (\046) -249.99100 (P) 15.01580 (attern) -250.01200 (Recog\056) ] TJ 26.77300 -13.94800 Td [ (R) 55.01500 (WTH) -250.01300 (Aachen) -250.00200 (Uni) 24.99460 (v) 14.98620 (ersity) 64.98870 (\054) -250.01200 (German) 14.98720 (y) ] TJ /R17 8.96640 Tf 8.33906 -13.94800 Td [ (f) -0.89990 ] TJ /R19 8.96640 Tf 4.60781 0 Td (koller\054ney) Tj /R17 8.96640 Tf 53.79800 0 Td [ (g) -0.89990 ] TJ /R19 8.96640 Tf 4.60820 0 Td (\100cs\056rwth\055aachen\056de) Tj /R15 11.95520 Tf 226.83900 41.84300 Td [ (Richard) -250.01000 (Bo) 25.00790 (wden) ] TJ -70.35470 -13.94800 Td [ (Centre) -249.99700 (for) -249.99500 (V) 59.99160 (ision) -250.01200 (Speech) -249.98500 (\046) -249.99300 (Signal) -250.01800 (Processing) ] TJ 50.50270 -13.94690 Td [ (Uni) 24.99570 (v) 14.98510 (ersity) -249.98900 (of) -250.01400 (Surre) 15.00150 (y) 65.00910 (\054) -250.01000 (UK) ] TJ /R19 8.96640 Tf 3.55703 -13.94800 Td (r\056bowden\100surrey\056ac\056uk) Tj /R15 9.96260 Tf -306.36200 -41.04610 Td [ (This) -260.99300 (paper) -261.99800 (deals) -261.00500 (with) -260.99300 (rob) 20.00400 (ust) -262.01600 (modelling) -261.00500 (of) -261.01300 (mouth) -262 (shapes) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (in) -253.98500 (the) -253.98900 (conte) 14.98650 (xt) -255.00400 (of) -253.99600 (sign) -254.01300 (language) -253.98200 (recognition) -254.00200 (using) -254.00700 (deep) -255.01400 (con\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (v) 20.00160 (olutional) -380.99000 (neural) -380.99000 (netw) 10.00940 (orks\056) -701.98500 (Sign) -381.00300 (language) -380.98100 (mouth) -381 (shapes) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (are) -286.98300 (dif) 24.98540 <0263756c74> -286.00100 (to) -286.99900 (annotate) -286.99500 (and) -285.98500 (thus) -286.98800 (hardly) -286.01600 (an) 15.01710 (y) -287.00600 (publicly) -287.01300 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ail\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (able) -317.98200 (annotations) -317.98100 (e) 15.01220 (xist\056) -512.98400 (As) -318.01700 (such\054) -334.98800 (this) -318 (w) 10 (ork) -318.01800 (e) 15.01220 (xploits) -317.98400 (related) ] TJ T* [ (information) -315.00300 (sources) -314.01600 (as) -315.00500 (weak) -315.00700 (supervision\056) -503.98700 (Humans) -315.01900 (mainly) ] TJ T* [ (look) -189.98500 (at) -190.00400 (the) -191.01900 (f) 9.99527 (ace) -189.98200 (during) -189.98300 (sign) -189.98400 (language) -191.01200 (communicati) 0.99003 (o) -1.01454 (n\054) -201.99800 (where) ] TJ T* [ (mouth) -283.99700 (shapes) -284.01800 (play) -284.01900 (an) -283.99100 (important) -283.98900 (role) -283.98700 (and) -283.98700 (constitute) -283.98900 (natural) ] TJ T* [ (patterns) -274.99500 (with) -274.99100 (lar) 17.99700 (ge) -275.01200 (v) 24.98110 (ariability) 65.00390 (\056) -384.99200 (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01420 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -281.99000 (most) -274.98400 <736369656e74690263> -275.01800 (re\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (search) -200.99100 (on) -201.01500 (sign) -201.98200 (language) -201.01100 (recognition) -200.99100 (still) -200.99100 (disre) 14.98770 (g) 4.98446 (ards) -200.98400 (the) -201.99800 (f) 9.99588 (ace\056) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (Hardly) -332.99100 (an) 15.01770 (y) -334.01800 (w) 10 (orks) -332.99100 (e) 15.01220 (xplicitly) -334.01500 (focus) -332.99500 (on) -334.01300 (mouth) -333.00800 (shapes\056) -560.98700 (This) ] TJ T* [ (paper) -372.99800 (presents) -372 (our) -372.98900 (adv) 24.98240 (ances) -373 (in) -372.98400 (the) -372.00900 <02656c64> -373.01400 (of) -372.99400 (sign) -373.01400 (language) ] TJ T* [ (recognition\056) -301.99100 (W) 79.98790 (e) -224.98700 (contrib) 20.01870 (ute) -225.99400 (in) -225.00900 (follo) 24.99710 (wing) -225.00200 (areas\072) -297.99200 (W) 79.98660 (e) -224.98700 (present) -225.98900 (a) ] TJ T* [ (scheme) -241.98800 (to) -241.98700 (learn) -241.99900 (a) -242.00400 (con) 40 (v) 20.00160 (olutional) -241.99400 (neural) -241.99400 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -241.99100 (in) -241.98700 (a) -242.00400 (weakly) ] TJ T* [ (supervised) -335.01500 (f) 9.99527 (ashion) -333.99800 (without) -335.00300 (e) 15.01220 (xplicit) -335.00800 (frame) -335.00500 (labels\056) -564.00400 (W) 79.98660 (e) -335.00800 (pro\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (pose) -273.00200 (a) -273.01800 (w) 10.00140 (ay) -273.01300 (to) -271.98200 (incorporate) -272.99900 (neural) -273.00800 (netw) 10.00940 (ork) -273.00600 <636c61737369026572> -272.98900 (outputs) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (into) -224.01700 (a) -224.00600 (HMM) -224.01600 (approach\056) -301.98300 (Finally) 65.01120 (\054) -229.01800 (we) -224.00300 (achie) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (e) -224.00700 (a) -224.98700 <7369676e690263616e74> -223.99200 (im\055) ] TJ T* [ (pro) 14.98460 (v) 14.98280 (ement) -393.01700 (in) -392.98100 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> -392.98500 (performance) -392.99300 (of) -394.01000 (mouth) -392.99800 (shapes) ] TJ T* [ (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -250.00500 (the) -249.99000 (current) -249.99500 (state) -249.98500 (of) -249.99600 (the) -249.99000 (art\056) ] TJ /R13 11.95520 Tf 23.96680 TL T* [ (1\056) -249.99000 (Intr) 18.01460 (oduction) ] TJ /R15 9.96260 Tf 11.95470 -18.94800 Td [ (Automatic) -251.99800 (Sign) -252.98500 (Language) -251.98600 (Recognition) -253.00400 (\050ASLR\051) -252.00900 (helps) -252.99700 (to) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (bridge) -397.01700 (the) -396.98500 (communication) -397.01300 (g) 4.98446 (ap) -396.99100 (between) -396.98500 (deaf) -398.01900 (and) -396.98800 (hearing) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (people) -338.00900 (who) -338.98900 (are) -337.99500 (not) -338.98500 (able) -338.01800 (to) -338.99000 (communicate) -337.98500 (in) -338.99000 (the) -338.01500 (same) -338.99200 (lan\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (guage\056) -725.98800 (It) -388.01000 (is) -388.98000 (well) -388.98200 (kno) 24.99090 (wn) -388.00600 (that) -389.01800 (sign) -387.99000 (languages) -389.01400 (\050SLs\051) -389.01600 (mak) 10.01060 (e) ] TJ T* [ (use) -281.00500 (of) -281.99000 (the) -281.00400 (hands) -282.01400 (b) 20.00160 (ut) -281 (also) -282.01800 (of) -281.01100 (the) -281.00500 (f) 9.99466 (ace) -282.00600 (to) -281 (con) 39.99820 (v) 14.98280 (e) 15.01220 (y) -281.98700 (information) ] TJ (\133) ' ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 53.42970 236.43600 Tm (23) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.39220 236.43600 Tm [ (\135\056) -333.98400 (Recently) 64.99410 (\054) -259.99300 (among) -258.01200 (SL) -258.01700 (linguists\054) -260.01500 (there) -257.99600 (has) -257.98900 (been) -257.99400 (increas\055) ] TJ -13.28010 -11.95510 Td [ (ing) -245.98100 (interest) -244.99700 (in) -245.98600 (so\055called) -245.00300 (mouthings\054) ] TJ /R21 9.96260 Tf 142.58300 0 Td (i\056e) Tj /R15 9.96260 Tf 9.68398 0 Td [ (\056) -245.99600 (sequences) -245.00800 (of) -245.99600 (mouth) ] TJ -152.26700 -11.95510 Td [ (shapes) -231.98700 (or) -231.99900 (visemes) -232.99200 (visible) -232.00700 (on) -231.99100 (the) -231.99300 (signer\047) 54.98350 (s) -231.99600 (f) 9.99588 (ace\054) -236.01000 (that) -231.98600 (con) 39.99820 (v) 14.98280 (e) 15.01220 (y) -233.01500 (a) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (substantial) -285.98400 (part) -285.00600 (of) -285.99000 (signs\047) -284.98600 (meaning) -286.00500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 192.17900 200.57000 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 197.16000 200.57000 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 202.50000 200.57000 Tm (24) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 212.46200 200.57000 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 217.79200 200.57000 Tm (22) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R15 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 227.75500 200.57000 Tm [ (\135\056) -416.98900 (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -295.00700 (in) ] TJ -177.64300 -11.95510 Td [ (ASLR) -275.01800 (mouth) -275.99800 (shapes) -275 (ha) 19.99790 (v) 14.98280 (e) -275.01800 (not) -274.99600 (recei) 25.00690 (v) 14.98280 (ed) -275.99300 (much) -274.99600 (attention\054) -281.99500 (de\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (spite) -348 (their) -348.00900 (promise) -347.99200 (to) -348.00800 (distinguish) -347.99300 (semantically) -347.98100 (close) -348.01100 (signs) ] TJ T* [ (that) -249.98200 (otherwise) -250.01600 (share) -249.99900 (the) -249.99000 (same) -249.98800 (hand) -249.98600 (shapes) -249.98300 (and) -249.99300 (mo) 14.99500 (v) 14.98280 (ements\056) ] TJ 11.95470 -11.97380 Td [ (The) -436.98200 (aim) -437.01000 (of) -436.00400 (this) -437 (w) 10 (ork) -437.01800 (is) -437.01200 (to) -437.01300 (learn) -436.00600 (a) -436.99100 <636c61737369026572> -437 (that) -437.01000 (can) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (recognise) -396 (mouth) -396.99700 (shapes) -395.99900 (as) -396.01100 (part) -396.98800 (of) -396.01100 (sign) -397.01000 (language\056) -748.99500 (These) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (mouth) -325.99000 (shapes\054) -344.98500 (linguisticall) 1.00351 (y) -326.01900 (termed) -326.01200 (as) -325.98200 (mouthings\054) -345.01800 (accom\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (pan) 14.98340 (y) -360.99400 (the) -360.99100 (manual) -361.01700 (parts) -360.98800 (of) -360.99700 (a) -361.00300 (sign) -361.01400 (\050) ] TJ /R21 9.96260 Tf 137.91700 0 Td [ (e) 15.01220 (\056g) ] TJ /R15 9.96260 Tf 11.74610 0 Td [ (\056) -360.99600 (the) -360.99100 (hand) -360.98900 (mo) 14.99500 (v) 14.98280 (ement) ] TJ -149.66300 -11.95510 Td [ (and) -307.98200 (shape\051) -309.00300 (and) -307.98200 (are) -309.02000 (often) -308.01700 (related) -307.98400 (to) -308.99500 (the) -308.02000 (corresponding) -309.01200 (spo\055) ] TJ T* [ (k) 10.00320 (en) -343 (w) 10.00140 (ord\056) -588.01000 (The) -342.01600 (visible) -343.00800 (mouth) -343.00700 (shapes) -342.00800 (can) -343.00400 (add) -342.99700 (information) ] TJ T* [ (to) -316.99400 (the) -316.99800 (meaning) -317.01900 (of) -317.00500 (a) -317.01100 (sign) -316.98300 (and) -317 (mak) 10.01060 (e) -317.01100 (it) -316.99100 (distinguishable) -317.01600 (from) ] TJ 258.75000 473.32000 Td [ (a) -313.99200 (semantically) -313.98700 (related) -313.98400 (sign\056) -502.00900 (But) -314.00200 (in) -314.01600 (other) -314.01600 (cases\054) -329.98400 (mouthings) ] TJ T* [ (simply) -325.98200 (pro) 14.98520 (vide) -326.99200 (additional) -325.98500 (information) -327 (that) -326.00900 (is) -326.00900 (redundant) -326.98500 (to) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (the) -243.99100 (hand\047) 55.01780 (s) -243.99400 (information) -245.01300 (channel) -243.98900 (and) -243.99400 (not) -243.97900 (e) 15.01220 (xplicitly) -243.99400 (needed) -245.01800 (to) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (understand) -250.01000 (the) -249.99000 (sign\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.36910 Td [ (Mouth) -295.01400 (shapes) -294.01500 (are) -294.98300 (dif) 24.98600 <0263756c74> -295.01900 (to) -295 (model) -294.00500 (and) -295.00500 (to) -295 (recognise) -295 (as) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (their) -215.99100 (presence) -214.98900 (seems) -215.98800 (to) -215.99100 (be) -214.98400 (based) -215.99300 (on) -215.01300 (personal) -215.98800 (and) -215.99800 (situational) ] TJ T* [ (preferences) -282.00700 (of) -281.99000 (the) -281.98500 (signers\056) -405.98600 (Currently) 64.99900 (\054) -291.00500 (no) -281.98200 (publicly) -281.99200 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ailable) ] TJ T* [ (data) -216 (set) -215.99300 (e) 15.01220 (xist) -216.99800 (that) -215.98800 (contain) -215.98400 (manual) -215.98400 (mouthing) -217.00800 (annotat) 1 (ions) -216.99800 (that) ] TJ T* [ (w) 10 (ould) -282.99000 (allo) 24.99090 (w) -281.99000 (for) -283.01400 (supervised) -282.00200 (training\056) -408.02000 (The) -283.00700 (reason) -281.98700 (lies) -282.99700 (in) -283.00200 (the) ] TJ T* [ (dif) 24.98600 <0263756c7479> -222.98700 (to) -223.00900 (annotate) -223.00400 (mouth) -222.98700 (shapes\056) -300.99400 (Sometimes\054) -229.00100 (the) 14.98770 (y) -223.01700 (repre\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (sent) -205.99000 (the) -205.99700 (mouth) -206.99000 (pat) 0.98758 (tern) -206.98000 (of) -206.00200 (shortened) -205.98500 (parts) -205.99500 (of) -206.00500 (a) -206.99000 (related) -206 (spok) 10.01790 (en) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (w) 10 (ord\054) -324.99500 (sometimes) -310.01900 (the) -310.01900 (whole) -310.01200 (spok) 10.01790 (en) -309.98700 (w) 10.00320 (ord) -311.00200 (or) -309.98700 (sometimes) -310.01700 (no) ] TJ T* [ (mouth) -250.00200 (shape) -249.99000 (at) -249.99500 (all) -249.98800 (may) -249.98500 (be) -249.99700 (visible\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.36880 Td [ (This) -343.99900 (paper) -345.00400 (will) -343.99700 (therefore) -343.98700 (e) 15.01220 (xplore) -344.00600 (a) -345.00600 (w) 10.00320 (ay) -343.98200 (to) -344.01100 (train) -344.99100 (mouth) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (shapes) -193.99200 (with) -193.98500 (additional) -192.98700 (information) -194.00200 (sources) -193.99700 (used) -193.99700 (as) -194.00700 (weak) -194.00700 (su\055) ] TJ T* [ (pervision\056) -426.01200 (T) 79.99160 (odate\054) -298.01900 (sign) -288.98900 (linguists) -288.99600 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -289.01600 (not) -288.01100 (found) -288.99600 (an) 15.01710 (y) -289.00600 (gram\055) ] TJ T* [ (matical) -318.98600 (rules) -318.01600 (that) -318.99100 (constrain) -318 (the) -318.99600 (usage) -318.99600 (of) -317.98600 (mouthings) -318.98600 (within) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (sign) -262.99300 (languages\054) -266.01200 (turning) -262.98300 (it) -263 (into) -262.99000 (a) -263.02000 (challenging) -262.98100 (test) -263 (bed) -263.01000 (for) -263.01500 (al\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (gorithms) -249.99300 (that) -249.98300 (are) -250.01000 (able) -249.99500 (to) -249.98500 (learn) -249.99700 (without) -249.99700 (e) 15.01220 (xplicit) -250.00200 (annotations\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.36880 Td [ (Our) -281.00700 (approach) -281.98700 (relies) -281.00500 (on) -281.98200 (spok) 10.01790 (en) -281.01200 (language) -282.01700 (transcripts) -280.98300 (as) -281.99200 (a) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (source) -309.98300 (of) -309.98500 (weak) -309.98700 (supervision\056) -489.99200 (The) -309.98300 (data) -309.98300 (we) -309.98700 (are) -309.99700 (dealing) -310.00700 (with) ] TJ T* [ (features) -481.02000 (natural) -481.00600 (signing) -479.99600 (that) -481.00300 (originates) -480.98800 (from) -481.00800 (interpreters) ] TJ T* [ (making) -192.01700 (the) -192 (daily) -191.98800 (broadcast) -191.99700 (ne) 25.01540 (ws) -193.01700 (accessible) -191.99700 (to) -191.99700 (the) -191.99700 (Deaf\056) -291.01500 (The) ] TJ T* [ (signing) -235.01700 (represents) -233.99000 (the) -235.01200 (interpreted) -235.00500 (spok) 10.01790 (en) -234 (German) -235.01000 (ne) 25.01540 (ws) -235.01000 (and) ] TJ T* [ (thus\054) -431.97900 (we) -394.99500 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -394.99800 (access) -396.01700 (to) -394.98100 (the) -396.00300 (spok) 10.01790 (en) -394.99300 (German\047) 55.01530 (s) -394.98800 (ne) 25.01540 (ws) -396.00300 (tran\055) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (scripts\056) -387.98700 (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -281.99000 (the) -275.98600 (reader) -276.00800 (has) -275.98800 (to) -275.98300 (note) -276.01800 (that) -276.01800 (the) -275.98300 (transcripts) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (\050being) -383.01900 (in) -382.00200 (spok) 10.02040 (en) -382.99500 (German\051) -382.99000 (and) -382.99000 (the) -382.00500 (sign) -383.01000 (language) -382.98000 (footage) ] TJ T* [ (\050being) -322.01000 (in) -322.01200 (German) -320.99800 (Sign) -321.99300 (Language\051) -322.01500 (constitute) -321.98500 (tw) 10.00810 (o) -321.98100 (dif) 24.98600 (ferent) ] TJ T* [ (languages) -379.01500 (with) -379.01300 (dif) 24.98600 (ferent) -378.99800 (v) 20.00160 (ocab) 19.99670 (ulary) 65.01860 (\054) -410.98500 (syntax) -379.01000 (and) -378.99100 (w) 10.00320 (ord) -378.99100 (or) 19.99670 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (der) 55.00800 (\056) -533.98700 (W) 79.98660 (e) -325.00900 (will) -325.01900 (accommodate) -324 (this) -325.01900 (f) 9.99343 (act) -325.00500 (in) -324.99500 (the) -324.01500 (w) 10.00320 (ay) -325.00500 (we) -325.00500 (design) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (our) -249.99000 (learning) -250.02000 (algorithm\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.36800 Td [ (This) -232.99800 (paper) -232.00300 (presents) -233.00300 (contrib) 20.01630 (utions) -232.98600 (in) -233.01000 (follo) 24.99580 (wing) -231.98100 (areas\072) -301.99400 (W) 79.98660 (e) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95630 Td [ (present) -499.98300 (a) -500 (scheme) -499.98500 (to) -499.98300 (learn) -499.99500 (a) -501.01900 (Con) 40.01780 (v) 20.00160 (olutional) -499.99000 (Neural) -499.99000 (Net\055) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (w) 10 (ork) -406.98400 (\050CNN\051) -405.99800 (in) -407.01800 (a) -406.01600 (weakly) -407.02000 (supervised) -405.98100 (f) 9.99343 (ashion) -407.00600 (without) -406.99100 (e) 15.01220 (x\055) ] TJ T* [ (plicit) -440.01500 (frame) -438.98800 (labels\056) -879.99000 (W) 79.98660 (e) -438.99000 (demonstrate) -440.01500 (ho) 24.98600 (w) -440 (to) -439.99500 (incorporate) ] TJ T* [ (CNN) -423.00800 <636c61737369026572> -423.00300 (outputs) -424.00500 (into) -423.00300 (an) -422.98800 (HMM) -423.00300 (approach) -424.00300 (allo) 24.99090 (wing) ] TJ T* [ (forced) -331.00800 (temporal) -329.99900 (alignment) -331.00400 (and) -330.01800 (iterati) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -331.00800 (learning) -330.00400 (of) -331.00400 (CNNs) ] TJ T* [ (on) -332.01300 (video\056) -554.98600 (By) -332.00600 (doing) -331.99600 (so\054) -352.00500 (we) -331.98400 (achie) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (e) -331.98900 (a) -331.98900 <7369676e690263616e74> -332.01300 (impro) 15.00240 (v) 14.98280 (e\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (ment) -250.01700 (in) -249.98500 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> -249.98800 (performance) -249.99700 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -250.00700 (the) -249.98800 (state) -249.98800 (of) -249.99700 (the) -249.98800 (art\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.36800 Td [ (This) -349.01800 (paper) -349.00300 (is) -350.00800 (or) 18 (g) 4.98446 (anised) -348.98600 (as) -349 (follo) 24.99580 (ws\072) -508.01800 (In) -349 (the) -350.01000 (ne) 15.01710 (xt) -348.99100 (section) ] TJ -25.69610 -29.88790 Td (1) Tj ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.40600 786.42200 515.18800 -52.69900 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.40000 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 47 72 14 re f* 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.80000 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 301.50000 50 Tm (85) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 13 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 14 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x15 16 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ04Up
0
endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 17 0 R
/Length 228
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xeQKn!s ?FPav6R٪TS.
b];15YyR
{7QL.\:Rv/x9l+L7h%1!}i/AI(kz"U&,YO![R hg{3}4/GyYF:!w}Gn+'xJcO9i뽼_-:`
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x24 19 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 113 751 499 772 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ02Qp
0
endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 20 0 R
/Length 56142
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 113 751 499 772 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xtIH4)ޤv[D."M(T{"p>3}9~{u/09v;{y~t}j , _G} y{.~2Mߵ f]@1 0bZ_>{{cOpC9? 6_x&>>;WYoܐ;6%cՇ@t ˳}l]E~}~炘 !wr3dz`x.(9mA]xsG/xI1>9O1\|-E}Qϋ^~IIo!=#OؾCebOHs? ::N3MԾ:MJɩPu6#>$}qdoQOo϶˧a%}7I6N|_煓Bok̋MAwy-0g eƋEyat_$EkEZ$45H%0\7t:╨^61[Z
ˣɀ} 'ٹKoŝ?#ς'է#Da5#g==8ZM|Wo
D&AY/Lk*:빆W;AܬN#O!Ibvq|]f~ly
OlH5;/5Wx;;`EDCDjpH8Nq(#US_'TIh~`.exC;ggL(.t<\T%wܞr˫,Ӯ}yaO}$o]p"qT :01~/_+vrEc蠊{УK9\ z9٬(䇾SY pw?{β+mEs/:c|l{鵓?q+{_@Z`{G