@article{JacksonSingampalli_SpeCom09,
  AUTHOR   =	"Jackson, P. J. B. and Singampalli, V. D.",
  TITLE    =	"Statistical identification of articulation constraints in the production of speech",
  JOURNAL  =	"Speech Communication",
  VOLUME   =	"51",
  NUMBER   =	"8",
  PAGES    =	"695-710",
  MONTH    =	"August",
  YEAR     =	"2009",
  CITE     =	"Jackson and Singampalli (2009)",
  ABSTRACT = 	
"We present a statistical technique for identifying critical, dependent 
and redundant roles played by the articulators during production of 
English phonemes using articulatory (EMA) data. It identifies a list of 
critical articulators for each phone based on changes in the distribution 
of articulator positions. The effect of critical articulation on dependent 
articulators is derived from inter-articulator correlation. Articulators 
unaffected or not correlated with the critical articulators are regarded 
as redundant. The technique was implemented on 1D and 2D distributions of 
midsagittal articulator coordinates, and the results of this data-driven 
approach are analyzed in comparison with the phonetic descriptions from 
the IPA chart. The results using the proposed method gave a closer fit to 
measured data than those estimated from IPA information alone and 
highlighted significant factors in the phoneme-to-phone transformation. 
The proposed algorithm was evaluated against an exhaustive search of 
critical articulators, and found to be as effective as the exhaustive 
search in modeling phone distributions with the added advantage of faster 
execution times. The efficiency of the approach in generating a 
parsimonious yet accurate representation of the observed articulatory 
constraints is described, and its potential for applications in speech 
science and technology discussed.",
  CATEGORIES = "critical articulator, speech production model, articulatory gesture, coarticulation"
}